Suchergebnisse

To explore the impact mechanism of school climate on the well-being of secondary vocational students in China, we surveyed 1,427 secondary vocational students using the School Climate Scale, the PERMA-Profiler, the Chinese Positive Psychological Quality Scale for Primary and Secondary
School Students, and the Parenting Styles Scale. The results showed that school climate, students' positive psychological quality, and well-being were all significantly and positively correlated with each other. Students' positive psychological quality partially mediated the relationship between
school climate and their well-being. A positive parenting style moderated the relationship between positive psychological quality and well-being. The findings enhance understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between school climate and well-being among secondary vocational
students.

Machine vision is one the most consequential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary society. This article analyzes how companies that produce machine vision technology articulate what it means for machines to "see." Through a thematic analysis of more than 200 corporately produced documents, we examine the companies' product offerings and identify three discursive techniques that entwine basic explanations of emerging technology with the ideologies of AI producers: dismantling sight into technical action, expanding the parameters of sight, and seeing through data. These recurring corporate narratives organize perceptions of automation, educating outsiders how to value computational outcomes and support them through rearranging the real-world conditions of labor. We argue that the social power of machine vision is not only in how it detects objects, but also in how it arbitrates what work is visible in visions of the industry's future.

We explored the effect of positive psychological group guidance on the hope and mental health of junior high school students. The experimental group received positive psychological group guidance, while the control group lived and learned as normal. We used the Middle School Students'
Hope Trait Scale and the Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scale to evaluate participants (N = 96). Results showed that the experimental group's hope levels were higher and depression, anxiety, and stress levels were lower before (vs. after) the intervention. Further, after the
intervention, hope levels were higher and depression, anxiety, and stress levels were lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. Two months after the intervention, the experimental group's levels of hope, depression, anxiety, and stress were maintained. The results show
that positive psychological group guidance can improve the mental health of students.

Abstract
While there is strong evidence for the association between household air pollution and lung cancer among non-smoking women, the association between domestic incense use and lung cancer risk has been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed articles authored between 1969 and August 25, 2015 before performing a manual review of each study, and found a total of seven published studies on this topic. Most of the studies are case-control in design and did not further stratify by sex and smoking status. Of the seven studies, three reported positive associations, three reported null associations and one study found a negative association between incense use and lung cancer. Only one study reported estimates for non-smoking women. Future studies should be larger in sample size, stratify by both sex and smoking status in their analyses, and collect more detailed information on incense use in order to facilitate the understanding of the association between domestic incense use and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women in Asia.

We explored the mediating effect of family belonging in the relationship between parental support and exposure to being bullied among students in Grades 3–6 in China. Participants were 457 students at five primary and middle schools in Shandong Province, China, who completed the
Child Bullying Questionnaire, the Parental Support Questionnaire, and the Family Belonging Scale. The results show that parental support and family belonging were negatively associated with exposure to being bullied, and that parental support and family belonging were significantly and positively
correlated. The relationship between parental support and exposure to being bullied was mediated by family belonging. Our findings indicate that higher levels of family support and family belonging can help reduce exposure to being bullied.

To explore the impact mechanism of negative life events on self-injury behavior we recruited 695 Chinese college freshmen to complete the Adolescent Life Events Scale, the Adolescent Basic Psychological Needs Scale, the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Adolescents'
Self-Harm Scale. The results showed a significant positive association between negative life events and the self-injury behavior of college freshmen. Mediation effects analysis showed that basic psychological needs mediated the relationship between negative life events and the self-injury
behavior of college freshmen. A moderated mediation analysis showed that regulatory emotional self-efficacy moderated the direct and indirect mediation processes. These findings suggest that the self-injurious behavior of college freshmen can be effectively reduced by meeting their basic psychological
needs and by improving their regulatory emotional self-efficacy, thus helping them adjust to college life.

Exposures to chlorination by‐products (CBP) within public water supplies are multiroute in water. Cold water is primarily used for ingestion while a mixture of cold water and hot water is used for showering, bathing others, dish washing, etc. These latter two activities result in inhalation and dermal exposure. Heating water was observed to change the concentration of various CBP. An increase in the trihalomethanes (THM) concentrations and a decrease in the haloacetonitriles and halopropanones concentration, though an initial rise in the concentration of dichloropropanone, were observed. The extent of the increase in the THM is dependent on the chlorine residual present. Therefore, estimates of total exposure to CBP from public water supplies need to consider any changes in their concentration with different water uses. The overall THM exposures calculated using the THM concentration in heated water were 50% higher than those calculated using the THM concentration present in cold water. The estimated lifetime cancer risk associated with exposure to THM in water during the shower is therefore underestimated by 50% if the concentration of THM in cold water is used in the risk assessment.

AbstractRecent fiscal condition literature has been attentive to the consistency between subjective measures of local fiscal condition based on public officials' perceptions and their objective counterparts measured using financial data. Studies have found little evidence of a relationship between them, leading scholars to speculate flaws in measurement or intentional lack of association. This study reevaluates the issue by investigating intervening explanations for the absence of connection. Analyzing survey and audited financial data from 185 municipalities across 31 states, we identify various individual and organizational attributes that help clarify the association between the two types of fiscal condition measures.

The effects of urban growth on outlying communities is a long-stand empirical question. Often couched in the concept of spread-backwash effect, Ganning, Baylis and Lee (2013) find that not until the late-1980s did empirical studies on the spread and backwash effects emerge. Most empirical investigations examine this theoretical phenomenon within the context of either population or income change. We propose to consider the spread-backwash effect from the perspective of local government fiscal health. There is a substantial body of research in the public finance literate focusing on government fiscal health/fiscal condition that is applicable and the setting of Nebraska offers a unique case-study. The U.S. state of Nebraska has approximately 1.8 million residents and the state's population is changing (getting older and more diverse), as well as shifting to the urban centers of Omaha and Lincoln. In 1950, two-thirds of the state's population lived outside of the metropolitan counties of Lancaster, Sarpy and Douglas. In 2050, the U.S. Census is projecting the two-thirds of the state's population will reside in these three counties. This is raising a host of challenges and questions that residents and policy-makers are being forced to address.Methodologically, we propose a spatial neighborhood statistics model, the Markov Random Field model, to assess our central hypotheses that the further the distance from the urban center, the weaker the municipality's fiscal condition. The study is prepared according to the procedure used by Pandey et al. (2015). While the Pandey et al. (2015) research was on E.coli flows through streams, the research design offers a good deal of applicability to this study. We will also run a set of regression models to ensure the robustness of this study. We examined the fiscal data of 69 municipalities in Nebraska that are in the Omaha-Council Bluffs MSA and the Lincoln-Beatrice MSA from 2001 to 2016. The data analysis focuses on the fiscal condition of municipalities and their proximity to the two urban centers in Nebraska, Omaha and Lincoln. The five indicators used as the dependent variables are: general revenues/general expenditures, debt per capita, debt/property valuation, net cash balances/general expenditures and property taxes/general revenues. The key independent variable of this research is the municipalities' proximity to the Nebraska urban centers of Omaha or Lincoln, which is measured by the municipalities' distance to the urban centers on Google Map. Other independent variables will reflect economic, demographic and institutional constructs. Our findings support the backwash effect in that, the further a city is from the urban center, the worse their fiscal condition. More specifically, the greater the distance a city is from Lincoln or Omaha, NE (urban center), the lower the city's revenues to expenditures, the lower its net balance and the lower the city's property tax collections as a percentage of revenues.

Purpose
Constant or decreasing returns and increasing returns to scale are two kinds of mechanism in economic growth. The goal of supply-side structural reform is to promote the establishment of the mechanism with increasing returns to scale. The paper aims to discuss this issue.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper argues that the overall economic structure of the developing economy has been divided into the sector of constant or decreasing returns to scale and the sector of increasing returns to scale due to the dual economic structure. Among them, the supply-side structural reform is mainly to reduce the sector of decreasing returns to scale and increase the sector of increasing returns to scale. Based on the hypothesis of such two-sector economic structure in the supply side of developing economies and on the industrial data, this paper empirically tests the returns to scale of China's supply structure. The result suggests that so far the sector of constant or decreasing returns to scale dominates the supply structure of China's economic growth, which results in the state of decreasing returns to scale in China's overall economy.


Findings
Therefore, to realize the long-term sustained growth and transformation of the development pattern of China's economy, the authors must carry out the supply-side structural reform, vigorously develop the modern industrial sectors characterized by modern knowledge and technology, and promote the development of an innovation-driven economy.


Originality/value
Besides, the authors must accelerate the transformation from traditional industrial sectors to modern industrial sectors, actively promote China's industrial structure toward rationalization and high gradation, as well as build a modern industrial system so as to facilitate the formation of the mechanism of increasing returns to scale and accelerate the transformation of the driving force of China's economic growth.

This paper investigates trade‐embodied CO2 in China, with a special focus on the production processes and materials of each industrial sector from 1990 to 2013. It uses an input–output model, which analyzes the specific causes of periodic waves. Our findings suggest that the machine‐manufacturing sector produced the largest amount of emissions, whereas the metal and nonmetal sector had the highest intensity of emissions. Moreover, the total emission quantities in trade increased from 612 to 3,331 million tons from 1990 to 2013. We employ the log‐mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to decompose the carbon emissions changes into export structure, export volume, energy structure, and energy intensity and estimate the influence of these factors at a number of time points. We find that energy intensity curbed emissions increase and that export volume expansion was the strongest driving force.